Activity of allelochemical compounds extracted from Asparagopsis species (Rhodophyta)

Marine macroalgae establish a wide variety of allelopathic interactions, related to abiotic or biotic stress factors, in order to attract or discourage other organisms. Macroalgae produce a wide variety of allelopathic metabolites with a broad spectrum of effects, including immunostimulant, cytostatic, antiviral, anthelmintic, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Among red algae, species of Asparagopsis (Bonnemaissoniales, Rhodophyta), as well as other species of the family Bonnemaisoniaceae, are well known as sources of halogenated compounds with strong antimicrobial activity. We present experimental results about the activity of metabolites from Asparagopsis collected from the Straits of Messina, reviewing published and unpublished data obtained by our research group. This genus is responsible for the production of more than 100 halogenated compounds, which are active against several pathogens including the protozoan Leishmania (Kinetoplastida, Euglenozoa), the mycetes Aspergillus (Ascomycota) and Cryptococcus (Basidiomycota), responsible for both humans and animals diseases, and bacteria relevant in aquaculture.