Culture immorali? Approcci socio-comparativi ed esegesi antropologiche dei comportamenti violenti

Our species is the only one capable of setting up regulatory systems oriented to direct “morally characterised” behaviours. The confusion often created by the word “moral” is to be found within a ethnocentric determination of behaviours that we define as such. As demonstrated by many authors (Rafael, 1923; Turnbull, 1973; Chagnon, 1983), the range and content of moral behaviours within cultures with different cultural-historical developments, is so diverse that it makes it impossible to create a precise definition. On the other hand, as noted by Pinker, one of the most interesting challenges in producing a comprehensive analysis of moral behaviours, is to understand, within different periods and cultures, the mechanisms involved in directing individuals to actions that they themselves recognise as “morally characterised” but can still be very far from what we imagine as “morally correct.” The purpose of this work, therefore, is to highlight how, in different cultural realities, moral behaviours and violent behaviours operate, so obvious and immediately visible, along the same lines as homeostatic processes that act as a counterweight to pressures of social and environmental character. This process of continual recalibration in the relations individual-individual and individual-environment make the dimension of non-moral behaviours as the outcome of the relationship between supremacies not at all separated and mutually dependent.