Correlational methods: EEG, fMRI, fNIRS and neurofeedback

In this chapter, we first outline the use of correlational neuroimaging methods such as electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. For each method, we briefly report the historical development, technical advantages, and limitations, as well as their typical setting and applications. In addition, we review the use of these methods in embodied cognition research and introduce the reader to some key experimental results, as well as hint at possible future developments. Finally, in the last part of the chapter, we discuss the integration of these methods within neurofeedback protocols and outline the future implications of similar applications.