The role of TGF Beta 1 and VEGF in the pathogenesis ofscleroderma

Aim: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is a rheumatic acquired disorder that typically results in the fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of this disorder includes inflammation, autoimmune attack, and vascular damage, leading to fibroblast activation. The aim of this study was to compare the gene expression profile, by immunohistochemical analysis, of TGFB-1 and VEGF mediators in 44 patients divided in two groups: Scleroderma and Control (CO). Material and Methods: 44 patients were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. The collection of gingiva biopsies (2x2 mm) and periodontal ligament specimens was carried out during routine extraction for oral surgery therapy and processed for immunohistochemistry. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-TGF Beta1 and VEGF. Also, frequency distributions,media and standard deviation (SD) were determined at baseline in each group to describe the clinical parameters (PD, CAL, CPITN, PI and BOP). The Kruskal Wallis and the Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Singed Rank Tests were carried out when comparing the clinical parameters between two groups. Results: Gingival samples clearly showed a normal staining pattern for TGF-B1 in CO, whereas it appeared severely reduced in samples of patients with SSc. Immunofluorescence reactions performed using VEGF antibodies, staining patterns showed a higher intensity in SSc that observed in CO. Similar results were obtained on periodontal ligament. Conclusion: The findings presented here make it clear that biomarker such as TGF B1 and VEGF have an important role in the orchestration of the immune response, which in turn influence the outcome of disease establishment and evolution.