Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has know to be responsible of the most common and continuously increasing viral infections in humans. Due to the appearance of resistance to the available treatments, new biomolecules exhibiting different mechanisms of action could provide novel agents for treating viral infections. The immune response against HSV-2 involves intricate and multifactorial aspects to whom viruses have developed various mechanisms to evade them. Biopolymers (BPs) from two novel thermotolerant Bacillus horneckiae strains (APA and SBP3) isolated from shallow vents of Panarea Island (Italy), were evaluated for their antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against HSV-2. The BPs were used at the concentration of 400 μg mL–1 that resulted not-cytotoxic towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and WISH cells. Both BPs hindered the HSV- 2 replication in PBMC, showing 60 and 80% of viral inhibition for BP-SBP3 and BP-APA, respectively, but they did not in WISH cells. To verify if the antiviral activity was related to the immune response involved in controlling viral replication, the production of cytokines was evaluated on PBMC. Higher levels of Th1-type cytokines (INF-γ, INF-α TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-18) were detected in PBMC treated with BP-APA than in those treated with BP-SBP3. Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were not induced by BP-APA. Therefore, the antiviral effects of BPs were related to the pattern of cytokines induced. As stimulators of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, BPs from the two novel thermotolerant bacilli could be considered powerful sources for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against herpes virus infection.
ANTIVIRAL AND IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF BIOPOLYMERS BY MARINE EXTREMOPHILI BACILLI AGAINST HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-2
SPANO', ANTONIO;ARENA, Adriana;Zammuto V.;MAUGERI, Teresa Luciana;GUGLIANDOLO, Concetta
2014-01-01
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has know to be responsible of the most common and continuously increasing viral infections in humans. Due to the appearance of resistance to the available treatments, new biomolecules exhibiting different mechanisms of action could provide novel agents for treating viral infections. The immune response against HSV-2 involves intricate and multifactorial aspects to whom viruses have developed various mechanisms to evade them. Biopolymers (BPs) from two novel thermotolerant Bacillus horneckiae strains (APA and SBP3) isolated from shallow vents of Panarea Island (Italy), were evaluated for their antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against HSV-2. The BPs were used at the concentration of 400 μg mL–1 that resulted not-cytotoxic towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and WISH cells. Both BPs hindered the HSV- 2 replication in PBMC, showing 60 and 80% of viral inhibition for BP-SBP3 and BP-APA, respectively, but they did not in WISH cells. To verify if the antiviral activity was related to the immune response involved in controlling viral replication, the production of cytokines was evaluated on PBMC. Higher levels of Th1-type cytokines (INF-γ, INF-α TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-18) were detected in PBMC treated with BP-APA than in those treated with BP-SBP3. Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were not induced by BP-APA. Therefore, the antiviral effects of BPs were related to the pattern of cytokines induced. As stimulators of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, BPs from the two novel thermotolerant bacilli could be considered powerful sources for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against herpes virus infection.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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