The welfare of decapod crustaceans at slaughter: a proposal for future legal framework

The production of decapod crustaceans (e.g., lobsters, shrimp, and crabs) for human consumption is a growing sector, and as such deserves particular attention, also considering that these animals are increasingly being recognised as sentient beings in the scientific community, as well as in some countries. In fact, several studies have shown that some species of decapod crustaceans possess a relatively complex cognitive system and may have the capacity to suffer. These discoveries render the health and welfare of these animals’ key issues, not only for the scientific community, but also for aquaculturists, food business operators, control and inspection authorities, and policy makers. Although now recognised as sentient beings, decapod crustaceans are at present not protected in terms of their welfare during slaughter; this is reflected in Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, which does not include specific provisions for decapod crustaceans at the time of killing in the EU. Based on these considerations, the authors propose a list of ‘best practice’ guidelines for the slaughtering of sing pain and suffering. It is thereby argued that a precautionary approach should be adopted to protect these animals from possible pain and suffering. Finally, it is recommended that standardised welfare methods for stunning and slaughtering crustaceans be included in the Italian and EU legislations. The adoption of welfare recommendations is also likely to result in a high level of consumer acceptance, in turn enhancing the commercial production of these animals.