Numerical Modeling of Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Hydrogen Transportation Systems

Hydrogen offers vast potential as a clean energy source, pivotal for reducing reliance on fossil fuels. It can power heavy industry, transportation, buildings, and homes sustainably [1]. Existing gas pipelines could potentially transport hydrogen, but thorough investigations are needed to assess safety risks, especially with hydrogen/natural gas mixtures [2]. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) weakens metals by promoting crack growth and leading to sudden failure. It occurs due to hydrogen exposure, either through electrochemical processes or high-pressure environments, and reduces crucial properties like ductility, toughness, and strength [3]. The goal of the present study is to track the growth hydrogen assisted cracking for the prediction and prevention of catastrophic failures in hydrogen rich environments. To this purpose, numerical simulations are performed on a phase field modelling framework that incorporates a coupled mechanical and hydrogen diffusion response, driven by chemical potential gradients, and a hydrogen-dependent fracture energy degradation law derived from first-principles calculations [4].The analyses enable the characterization of crack growth under hydrogen influence, susceptibility of the material to hydrogen embrittlement, cracking thresholds under sustained loading, and crack paths stemming from local defect.