The growing presence of dogs in domestic environments and the need to manage this animal species in urban/suburban environments, makes it necessary a greater attention to the human-animal interface and to promote the objectives of disease surveillance and control through a One Health approach. Indeed, even pets can represent sources of zoonotic infections, act as intermediate hosts between animal species and humans, or be considered sentinel species for the surveillance of emerging diseases. Through a multi-target biomolecular study model of classical (CPV-2, CAdV-1 and -2, CDV, CCoV) and emerging (NoV and other caliciviruses, RoV, HEV, AstV) enteric or hepatic tropism viruses of the dog, this doctoral thesis aimed to update the data on circulating strains, evaluate the genomic correlations between dog viruses and those potentially relevant in the human species. An approach based on the biomolecular analysis of viral genomes and associated data was adopted, comparing them with those available in international databases, in relation to clinical signs or to organ lesions, the origin of the samples and their temporal representativeness. The results described the circulation of target viruses in the canine population, highlighting the role of dogs as sentinels in the study of their epidemiology and evolution. Among the most notable findings were those regarding the presence of potentially zoonotic agents (noroviruses, astroviruses, and rotaviruses) and their correlations with strains from other animal species. Overall, this study contributes to the multi-target characterization of species-relevant and potentially relevant viruses at the human-animal interface, offering a study model for understanding the role of companion animals from a perspective consistent with the One Health approach.
La crescente presenza di cani in ambito domestico e della necessità di gestione di questa specie animale in ambito urbano/sub-urbano rende necessaria una maggiore attenzione all’interfaccia che connette uomo ed animali e di perseguire gli obiettivi di sorveglianza e di controllo delle malattie attraverso un approccio One Health. Infatti, anche gli animali da compagnia possono rappresentare fonti di infezioni zoonotiche, fungere da ospiti intermedi tra specie animali e l’uomo, o essere considerate specie sentinella per la sorveglianza delle malattie emergenti. Attraverso un modello di studio biomolecolare multi-target dei virus classici (CPV-2, CAdV-1 e -2, CDV, CCoV) ed emergenti (NoV ed altri calicivirus, RoV, HEV, AstV) a tropismo enterico o epatico del cane, la presente tesi di dottorato ha avuto l’obiettivo di aggiornare i dati sui ceppi circolanti, valutare le correlazioni genomiche tra i virus del cane e quelli potenzialmente rilevanti nella specie umana. È stato adottato un approccio basato sull’analisi biomolecolare dei genomi virali e dei dati ad essi associati, comparandoli con quelli disponibili in database internazionali, in relazione ai segni clinici o a lesioni d'organo, all'origine dei campioni ed alla rappresentatività temporale. I risultati hanno descritto la circolazione dei virus target nella popolazione canina, evidenziando il ruolo dei cani quali sentinelle per lo studio della loro epidemiologia ed evoluzione. Tra i risultati più rilevanti, quelli riguardanti l’evidenza di agenti zoonotici (norovirus, astrovirus e rotavirus) e le loro correlazioni con i ceppi da altre specie animali. Nel suo complesso, questo studio fornisce un contributo nella caratterizzazione multi-target di virus rilevanti per la specie e potenzialmente rilevanti nell’interfaccia uomo-animale, offrendo un modello di studio per la comprensione del ruolo degli animali da compagnia secondo una prospettiva coerente con l’approccio One Health.
Approccio One Health allo studio dei virus enterici ed epatici del cane: nuovi modelli di studio nell'interfaccia uomo-animale
MIRA, FRANCESCO
2026-01-21
Abstract
The growing presence of dogs in domestic environments and the need to manage this animal species in urban/suburban environments, makes it necessary a greater attention to the human-animal interface and to promote the objectives of disease surveillance and control through a One Health approach. Indeed, even pets can represent sources of zoonotic infections, act as intermediate hosts between animal species and humans, or be considered sentinel species for the surveillance of emerging diseases. Through a multi-target biomolecular study model of classical (CPV-2, CAdV-1 and -2, CDV, CCoV) and emerging (NoV and other caliciviruses, RoV, HEV, AstV) enteric or hepatic tropism viruses of the dog, this doctoral thesis aimed to update the data on circulating strains, evaluate the genomic correlations between dog viruses and those potentially relevant in the human species. An approach based on the biomolecular analysis of viral genomes and associated data was adopted, comparing them with those available in international databases, in relation to clinical signs or to organ lesions, the origin of the samples and their temporal representativeness. The results described the circulation of target viruses in the canine population, highlighting the role of dogs as sentinels in the study of their epidemiology and evolution. Among the most notable findings were those regarding the presence of potentially zoonotic agents (noroviruses, astroviruses, and rotaviruses) and their correlations with strains from other animal species. Overall, this study contributes to the multi-target characterization of species-relevant and potentially relevant viruses at the human-animal interface, offering a study model for understanding the role of companion animals from a perspective consistent with the One Health approach.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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