An integrated approach to the study of the architectural features of the theatre of Tyndaris

The ancient theatre of Tindari, located in the southeastern sector of the ancient city, is adapted to a particularly narrow and steep hillside morphology, which necessitated hybrid construction solutions. This study aims to clarify the construction techniques, structural adaptations, and subsequent transformations of the koilon, addressing the gap in understanding the functional and structural role of the theatre’s earth-retaining and annular corridor. To achieve this, archaeometric analyses of mortars are combined with geomorphological assessment. The cavea, partially carved into the natural rock, is completed by artificial earth fill supported by massive analemma walls, particularly at the outermost sections. The discontinuity of the bedrock and the transverse structural thrusts have caused deterioration phenomena and localized collapses since antiquity. The study demonstrates that the annular corridor and podium, previously interpreted primarily in functional terms, played a decisive structural role. These findings provide a basis for informed conservation strategies and highlight the original contribution of this research in reevaluating the theatre’s construction logic and structural behavior.