Preeclampsia and cardiovascular risk: general characteristics, counseling and follow-up.

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, are largely unknown. Since, on the other hand, the various risk factors are known, primary and secondary prevention with pre- and inter-pregnancy counseling should be undertaken, and a follow-up should be conducted to evaluate any long-term organic complications. There is evidence in the literature that women with preeclampsia are particularly predisposed to developing cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemia, and it is justifiably believed that preeclampsia and atherosclerosis share the same risk factors. However, further understanding is required concerning the risk of long-term dysfunctions in other organs also involved in the course of preeclampsia: the kidneys, liver and brain. Preeclampsia is, moreover, a complex multispecialist entity, and the internist and/or the intensivist can be important allies along with the obstetrician in the management of this condition.