Soy biodiesel pathways: Global prospects

This survey paper critically reviews the performance and prospects of soy biodiesel production on a global basis as assessed by some 30 life-cycle analyses (LCAs). The paper compares agricultural and industrial practices. Soy biodiesel is not a most sustainable product in all global circumstances. Life-cycle energy depends on specific climatic conditions, and on the agro- and processing technologies used. Alternative oilcrop cultivation practices and technologies were evaluated. Opportunities have been identified to improve the biodiesel life-cycle energy efficiency and environmental impact in relevant production areas (mainly USA, Brazil, Argentina and P.R. China) by implementing new technologies in agriculture as well as in industrial processing. The consequences of large-scale renewable energy action plans in the European Union and of biodiesel mandates in numerous countries worldwide are critically considered. The paper concludes with perspectives and recommendations.