Spontaneous Conversion from Virtual to Real Photons in the Ultrastrong-Coupling Regime

We show that a spontaneous release of virtual photon pairs can occur in a quantum optical system in the ultrastrong coupling regime. In this regime, which is attracting interest both in semiconductor and superconducting systems, the light-matter coupling rate ΩR becomes comparable to the bare resonance frequency of photons ω0. In contrast to the dynamical Casimir effect and other pair creation mechanisms, this phenomenon does not require external forces or time dependent parameters in the Hamiltonian.