Influence of genetic polymorphism on pesticide-induced oxidative stress

The use of pesticides has become a cornerstone for the productivity of crops and, in general, in agricultural settings. Throughout the years, a large number of diseases, both acute and chronic, have been linked to the exposure to such chemicals. Pesticides include a very large number of compounds, which are able to surely contaminate the environment and the workplace. Owing to the variables involved, the assessment of exposure to these substances remains difficult, even in occupational settings. The pathogenesis of chronic diseases related with pesticide exposure involves various mechanisms, including oxidative stress. The production of free radicals is capable of inducing genomic damage, and this process could be enhanced by the reduction of and individual’s antioxidant potential. Several studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms can alter the function of enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 or glutathione-S-transferase, which are involved in pesticides metabolisms. This article reviews the scientific literature, highlighting the potential role of genetic polymorphisms in the enhancement of pesticide induced-oxidative stress. It seems likely that some workers could be at higher risk of developing diseases because of these genetic conditions which today are not taken into account in health surveillance programs.