L-thyroxine malabsorption due to calcium carbonate impairs blood pressure, total cholesterolemia, and fasting glycemia

PURPOSE: Calcium carbonate was previously shown to interfere with L-thyroxine absorption. To estimate the magnitude of tablet L-thyroxine malabsorption caused by calcium carbonate, with resulting increase in serum thyrotropin (TSH), we performed a cohort study in a referral care center. METHODS: Fifty postmenopausal hypothyroid L-thyroxine-treated women (age 71.7 ± 5.1 years) who added calcium supplementation (600-1000 mg/day) were considered. They were taking L-thyroxine 45-60 min before breakfast (setting 1). After 4.4 ± 2.0 years from initiation of L-thyroxine therapy, they took calcium supplemaentation within 2 h after L-thyroxine taking (setting 2) for 2.3 ± 1.1 years. Hence, we recommended postponing calcium intake 6-8 h after L-thyroxine (setting 3). We evaluated TSH levels, the prevalence of women with elevated TSH (>4.12 mU/L), total cholesterolemia, fasting glycemia, blood pressure, and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. RESULTS: TSH levels were 3.33 ± 1.93 mU/L versus 1.93 ± 0.51 or 2.16 ± 0.54 comparing setting 2 with setting 1 or 3 (P < 0.001, both). In setting 2, 18% women had elevated TSH versus none in setting 1 or 3 (P < 0.01). Total cholesterolemia, fasting glycemia, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were also significantly higher in setting 2 compared to settings 1 and 3. For every 1.0 mU/L increase within the TSH range of 0.85-6.9 mU/L, total cholesterolemia, glycemia, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure increased by 12.1, 3.12 mg/dL, 2.31, and 2.0 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of hypothyroid patients who ingest medications that decrease L-thyroxine absorption should not be restricted to solely measuring serum TSH.