Acute Stress Response of Sheep to Shearing Procedures: Dynamic Change of Cortisol Concentration and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern

Simple Summary Farm animals are daily subjected to a wide range of abiotic stressors. Shearing, one practice of routine management procedures, is applied periodically to harvest sheep's wool. During shearing, short-term acute stress is likely to occur. This study aimed to evaluate the change in hematological parameters, serum cortisol concentration and serum protein electrophoretic pattern in Comisana sheep following shearing procedures. The findings obtained in the current study suggest a linkage between the endocrine and immune systems and an acute phase response during the shearing procedure. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of acute stress by shearing procedures on hematological parameters, serum cortisol concentration and serum protein electrophoretic pattern in Comisana sheep. A total of 20 not pregnant and not lactating adult ewes, aged 3-4 years old and with a mean bodyweight of 55.50 +/- 3.50 kg, were enrolled in the study. From each animal, blood samples were collected before shearing (T-PRE) and 5 (T-POST5) and 60 (T-POST60) minutes after the end of the shearing procedure in order to assess the values of hematological parameters, serum cortisol, total proteins and protein fractions, including albumin, alpha-, beta 1-, beta 2- and gamma-globulins. According to statistical analysis results, albumin values were lower at T-POST60 than T-POST5 (p < 0.01), whereas alpha- and beta 2-globulins and the A/G ratio were higher at T-POST60 with respect to T-PRE (p < 0.01) and T-POST5 (p < 0.01). A higher serum concentration of cortisol was found at T-POST5 and T-POST60 than T-PRE (p < 0.01), and at T-POST60 than T-POST5 (p < 0.01). The serum cortisol values were negatively correlated with the serum values of albumin, beta 1-globulins and A/G ratio at T-POST60, and positively correlated with alpha- and beta 2-globulins at T-POST5 and T-POST60. The decrease in the albumin concentration and the increase in the alpha- and beta 2-globulins observed in ewes after shearing with respect to the baseline values suggests an acute phase response in shorn ewes. Additionally, the correlation found between the serum cortisol concentration and the serum protein fractions confirmed the immunomodulatory effect of this hormone, emphasizing the linkage between the endocrine and immune systems during an acute stress condition.