Platelet reactivity in patients with impaired renal function receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or ticagrelor

Background: Suboptimal platelet inhibition still represents an important challenge, especially for patients under- going percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity of pa- tients with coronary artery disease, and may potentially influence platelet reactivity. So far only few studies have assessed the role of CKD on response to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of CKD on platelet function in patients treated with DAPT after a re- cent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or PCI. Methods: Patients treated with DAPT, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) + adenosine diphosphate antagonist (ADP-an- tagonist) such as clopidogrel or ticagrelor, for ACS or elective patients undergoing PCI were scheduled for platelet function assessment at 30–90 days post-discharge. Platelet function was assessed by whole blood impedance aggregometry (Multiplate®- Roche Diagnostics AG), high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) was considered for ASPI test N 862 AU*min (for ASA) and ADP test values ≥417 AU*min (for ADP-antagonists). Chronic renal fail- ure was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mol/min/1.73m2 or less, calculated by applying MDRD (Modification of Diet in renal Disease) formula. Results: Our population included a total of 537 patients of which 308 (57.3%) received ASA and clopidogrel and 229 (42.6%) received ASA and ticagrelor. Patients with renal failure at baseline (101 out of 537, 18.8%) were older, with higher prevalence of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Moreover, they had a lower ejection fraction at baseline and were more often in therapy with diuretics, but less often with statins at admission. They had lower haemoglobin and higher glycated haemoglobin. HRPR was observed in 1.5% of patients treated with ASA with no difference according to renal function (p = 0.18). HRPR for ADP-antagonists was observed in 23.7% of patients, with no difference according to renal function (p = 0.50). This result was confirmed either with clopidogrel (31.9% versus 38%, p = 0.41) and ticagrelor (13.1% versus 10.8%, p = 0.99), also after correction for all baseline confounders (clopidogrel: adjusted OR[95%CI] = 1.26 [0.60–2.63], p = 0.54) (ticagrelor: adjusted OR[95%CI] = 0.95 [0.54–1.65], p = 0.84). The ab- sence of association between renal function and platelet reactivity was confirmed at linear regression analysis both with clopidogrel (r = −0.04, p = 0.52) and ticagrelor (r = 0.006, p = 0.92). Conclusion: In patients receiving DAPT, chronic renal failure did not influence ADP-mediated platelet reactivity, with both ticagrelor or clopidogrel. No influence of chronic renal failure was found on the effectiveness of ASA.