A holistic approach for the full valorization of fish waste within circular economy

The linear "production-consumption-disposal" model has resulted in substantial waste generation, causing environmental degradation and resource depletion. In contrast, the circular economy aims to convert waste into valuable resources, minimizing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. This doctoral thesis aligns with the United Nations' Agenda 2030 for sustainable development, focusing on the valorization of fish processing waste to recover a natural oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids from anchovy fillet leftovers. The study introduces an innovative and sustainable process using d-limonene, an edible solvent derived from citrus fruits, in a closed-loop system with full solvent recovery after extraction. Moreover, the solid residue, Anchovy sludge, is further utilized for energy production through anaerobic digestion or as natural fertilizers. Environmental impacts of the entire process were assessed using life cycle assessment models at laboratory and industrial scales. This research not only addresses fish waste valorization but also advocates circular economy practices, reducing the ecological footprint of the fishing industry for a sustainable future.