Virtual reality rehabilitation in patients affected by multiple sclerosis: impact on quality of life and sexual functions.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can present several neurological symptoms with a progression that often leads to loss of cognitive and physical abilities. Sexual dysfunctions are frequent, although underestimated, MS symptoms significantly affecting the quality of life of these patients. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of VR rehabilitation in enhancing the quality of life in individuals with MS. The sec- ondary objective aimed to investigate whether the improvement in quality of life would also lead to enhanced sexual satisfaction and sexual function. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS and attending from November 2018 to March 2020 the Rehabilitation Laboratory of IRCCS Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo” in Messina, Italy were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomized into either the control group (CG: 35 patients) that received traditional cognitive rehabilitation (CR) or the experi- mental group (EG: 35) undergoing VR. Results: The EG showed substantial improvements in various aspects of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL) between T0 and T1. Sexual function significantly improved, along with sexual satisfaction. Conversely, the CG achieved significant changes only in overall quality of life. Pearson’s correlations highlighted the positive associations between sexual function and satisfaction, as well as with physical and mental well-being, underscoring the importance of improving sexual function as a marker of overall health. Discussion: This study is meant as exploratory as it addresses a fundamental yet overlooked aspect of rehabilitation, i.e., sexual function and sexual satisfaction, which could potentially be enhanced through reha- bilitation in a VR environment.