INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS IN DENTISTRY: A SUMMARY REVIEW ON RISKS AND THERAPIES

Introduction: Endocarditis is a severe infection of the heart's inner lining caused by several types of bacteria, including those found in the mouth. Dental procedures have been linked to a higher risk of developing endocarditis in vulnerable individuals. Materials and Method: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search will be limited to studies published in English from January 2003 to Jan 2023. The following search terms will be used: "endocarditis," "infective endocarditis," "dental procedures," "dental care," "oral hygiene," "antibiotic prophylaxis," and "prevention." In this article, we review the evidence regarding the risk of endocarditis in dentistry and the measures that can be taken to prevent it. Evidence acquisition: Studies have shown that invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extractions and periodontal surgery, can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream, leading to infective endocarditis. Specific individuals are at higher risk of developing endocarditis, including those with pre-existing heart conditions, prosthetic heart valves, and a history of endocarditis. Evidence Synthesis: To minimize the risk of endocarditis in dental patients, the American Heart Association (AHA) has issued guidelines for using antibiotics prophylaxis. Other measures that can help reduce the risk of endocarditis in dental patients include good oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, and early treatment of any dental infections. Conclusion: It is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of endocarditis and refer high-risk patients for prompt medical attention, as the risk of this condition in dentistry is significant. Dentists and healthcare professionals should be aware of the risk factors and take appropriate measures to minimize the risk of infection, including antibiotic prophylaxis and good oral hygiene practices. Further research is needed to understand the risk of endocarditis in dental patients and develop effective preventive strategies.