On the biological basis for psychodynamic collective principles

Clinical psychology represents a complex science deriving from different forms of knowledge (Benjamin, 2023; Davey, 2021; Lo Coco et al., 2022). Its multidisciplinary roots and current directions are considered as a form of strength (Lilienfeld & Basterfield, 2020; Merlo & Myles, 2024; Myles, 2022; Ricciardi et al., 2023; Warner et al., 2016; Wertheimer & Puente, 2020). Carl Gustav Jung is a giant in the history of psychology with a Janus characteristic. While his fieldwork belongs to the disciplines of psychology and clinical psychology (Brooke, 2015; Castonguay et al., 2021; Di Giuseppe & Lingiardi, 2023; Di Giuseppe et al., 2024), the psychological structures he recognized have a direct link to an ordering principle for phenomenological reality (Jung & Pauli, 1955; Sergi et al., 2024; Stein, 2019). Jung’s Collective Unconscious is considered as a repository of symbols common to the psyche of all humans. According to its conceptualization, it exists beyond the individual mind, and, as such, it possesses a special ontological status (Gildersleeve, 2016).