A Systematic Review of Gender and Ethnic discrimination in Hiring

European economies face growing labor shortages at both ends of the skill spectrum, increasing the need to address hiring discrimination based on gender and ethnicity. Rising labor demand highlights the underutilization of groups such as women and ethnic minorities. This study reviews factorial survey experiments on hiring bias. Focusing on the combined effects of gender and ethnic biases, we use a modified Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome framework to assess studies from 2010 to 2024. Findings reveal consistent discriminatory hiring practices, with amplified impacts for individuals facing both biases. This review emphasizes the need for targeted hiring interventions and suggests expanding Factorial Survey Experiments to better capture the interplay of multiple discrimination factors, supporting a more equitable EU labor market