magnetocyclodextrin: synthesis, challenges, and opportunities

This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of MagnetoCyclodextrins (MNP-CDs), an emerging class of hybrid nanomaterials that merge the unique magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles with the inclusion, encapsulation, and solubilization abilities of cyclodextrin derivatives. Specifically, we reviewed the synthetic strategies for their preparation and their potential applications in biomedical fields. The synthetic methods, including co-precipitation, chemical coating, phase transfer, and self-assembly, are discussed in detail, with a focus on their impact on colloidal stability, biocompatibility, surface functionality, and magnetic properties. Despite the encouraging in vitro and in vivo results, the translation of MNP-CDs into clinical practice is still at an early stage, and the relationship between their magnetic characteristics and therapeutic efficacy remains poorly explored. Future research should address these limitations by optimizing synthesis protocols for scalability and reproducibility and by developing targeted surface modifications. Accordingly, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on MNP-CDs fabrication methods, emphasizing the impact of different ligands, polymers, and inorganic components on their synthesis and functionalization. In addition, a critical assessment of the key challenges that must be addressed for their successful application in advanced biomedical fields is provided.