Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of persons with HIV (PWH) diagnosed with HIV-RNA >= 500,000 copies/mL according to calendar periods and to identify any associated factors. Method: Inclusion criteria: PWH enrolled in the ICONA cohort between 1997 and 2023 with chronic HIV (acute HIV disease/recent <1 year- seroconversion excluded). Calendar periods examined: 1997-1999, 2000-2003, 2004--2007, 2008-2011, 2012-2015, 2016-2019, 2020-2023. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with being highly viremic PWH (HV-PWH, HIV-RNA >=500,000 copies/ml) at diagnosis: age, sex, risk behavior, scholarity, occupation, born in Italy, CD4<350 cells/cmm), AIDS, calendar period. Results: A total of 2092/14682 (14.2%; 95%CI: 13.7% -14.8%) PWH were diagnosed with HIV-RNA >=500,000 copies/ml. Characteristics of the cohort according to HIV-RNA strata are shown in Table 1. Prevalence of HV-PWH were increasing in more recent calendar periods (p-value for trend <.001). Being diagnosed in more recent calendar periods, being males, with older age, born in Italy, unemployed, with acquired HIV infection by sexual routes, AIDS presenters and with CD4<350 cells/cmm were independent factors of being highly viremic at HIV diagnosis. We also found evidence for interaction between CD4 count at diagnosis and HV according to calendar period, with a higher and increasing risk of HV in PWH with CD4>350 cells/cmm in more recent years compared to previous periods, after adjustment for socio-demographic and clinical variables (Figure2B).Conclusions: A steep increase in prevalence of HV among newly diagnosed PWH without known acute infection has been identified in recent years, also among PWH with CD4>=350 cells/cmm. The reasons have to be further evaluated, considering also the modification of diagnostic HIV-RNA tests overtime, the circulation of new subtypes and the modulation of the biological characteristics of HIV, whose tendency, as every virus, is to adapt to the host by increasing the replication capacity without increase pathogenicity.
Proportion of newly diagnosed persons with HIV with HIV-RNA greater than/equal to 500,000 copies/mL in 2018-2023 in Italy: data from the ICONA Foundation Cohort Study
Pellicano', G.Membro del Collaboration Group
;Russotto, Y.Membro del Collaboration Group
;
2026-01-01
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of persons with HIV (PWH) diagnosed with HIV-RNA >= 500,000 copies/mL according to calendar periods and to identify any associated factors. Method: Inclusion criteria: PWH enrolled in the ICONA cohort between 1997 and 2023 with chronic HIV (acute HIV disease/recent <1 year- seroconversion excluded). Calendar periods examined: 1997-1999, 2000-2003, 2004--2007, 2008-2011, 2012-2015, 2016-2019, 2020-2023. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with being highly viremic PWH (HV-PWH, HIV-RNA >=500,000 copies/ml) at diagnosis: age, sex, risk behavior, scholarity, occupation, born in Italy, CD4<350 cells/cmm), AIDS, calendar period. Results: A total of 2092/14682 (14.2%; 95%CI: 13.7% -14.8%) PWH were diagnosed with HIV-RNA >=500,000 copies/ml. Characteristics of the cohort according to HIV-RNA strata are shown in Table 1. Prevalence of HV-PWH were increasing in more recent calendar periods (p-value for trend <.001). Being diagnosed in more recent calendar periods, being males, with older age, born in Italy, unemployed, with acquired HIV infection by sexual routes, AIDS presenters and with CD4<350 cells/cmm were independent factors of being highly viremic at HIV diagnosis. We also found evidence for interaction between CD4 count at diagnosis and HV according to calendar period, with a higher and increasing risk of HV in PWH with CD4>350 cells/cmm in more recent years compared to previous periods, after adjustment for socio-demographic and clinical variables (Figure2B).Conclusions: A steep increase in prevalence of HV among newly diagnosed PWH without known acute infection has been identified in recent years, also among PWH with CD4>=350 cells/cmm. The reasons have to be further evaluated, considering also the modification of diagnostic HIV-RNA tests overtime, the circulation of new subtypes and the modulation of the biological characteristics of HIV, whose tendency, as every virus, is to adapt to the host by increasing the replication capacity without increase pathogenicity.Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


