Mapping of pediatric allergy structures in Italy: a nationwide survey

Background: Pediatric allergology and immunology has expanded markedly over recent decades, paralleling the rising prevalence of allergic diseases. National data on the availability and organization of dedicated services in Italy are lacking. This project aimed to provide the first nationwide mapping of Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP)-affiliated pediatric allergology and immunology structures, describing their geographical distribution and main organizational features of service delivery Methods: Between 2023 and 2025, a structured nationwide mapping was conducted by regional SIAIP representatives. Data referred to the years 2024–2025 and included geographic location, weekly clinical activity, patient contact modalities (telephone and e-mail), and availability of digital services such as telemedicine. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and reported as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 188 pediatric allergology and immunology territorial structures were identified across Italy. Their distribution was uneven: 86 were located in Northern Italy (45.7%), 42 in Central Italy (22.3%), and 60 in Southern Italy and the Islands (31.9%), highlighting marked regional heterogeneity. Clinical activity was frequently limited, with many structures operating only one to two days per week. Communication pathways were variable and often restricted to scheduled hours or mediated by booking services. Direct clinician contact was inconsistently available. Telemedicine and digital follow-up services were rarely implemented, indicating limited integration of remote care in routine practice. Conclusions: The Italian pediatric allergology network shows important structural limitations, including regional disparities, reduced service availability, and minimal integration of telemedicine. These findings provide a framework for healthcare planning and underline the urgency of strengthening workforce organization, service capacity, and digital health implementation