Conservazione delle risorse biologiche marine e sostenibilità alimentare nel diritto internazionale

The international legal regime for the conservation and management of marine biological resources aims to balance the objectives of maximizing food supply and ensuring its long-term sustainability, while safeguarding the marine environment and ecosystems. Provisions of UNCLOS, UNFSA, and RFMO/As, including rules on total allowable catches, bycatch, and precautionary management, reflect this balance. Yet, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, uneven compliance, and climate change threaten stocks, livelihoods, and food security, particularly in developing countries. This study examines the obligations of flag and coastal States, the role of international fisheries organizations, and the effectiveness of measures to promote sustainable fisheries and food sustainability, highlighting challenges and prospects in international practice and case-law.