The analytical benefits of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) methods have been exploited and emphasized in the past two decades. The unexpectedly complex nature of many real-world samples amenable to GC analysis has been elucidated through the enhanced resolving power of GC x GC. Simple but fundamental devices, called modulators, enable continuous heart-cutting and re-injection, without which GC x GC analysis cannot be achieved. The present review focuses on the history (1991-2010), and present trends and future prospects for GC x GC modulation. We provide detailed descriptions and set out the advantages and the disadvantages of the most significant thermal and pneumatic modulators. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modulators for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
TRANCHIDA, Peter Quinto;PURCARO, Giorgia;DUGO, Paola;MONDELLO, Luigi
2011-01-01
Abstract
The analytical benefits of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) methods have been exploited and emphasized in the past two decades. The unexpectedly complex nature of many real-world samples amenable to GC analysis has been elucidated through the enhanced resolving power of GC x GC. Simple but fundamental devices, called modulators, enable continuous heart-cutting and re-injection, without which GC x GC analysis cannot be achieved. The present review focuses on the history (1991-2010), and present trends and future prospects for GC x GC modulation. We provide detailed descriptions and set out the advantages and the disadvantages of the most significant thermal and pneumatic modulators. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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