Untargeted, pre-targeted and post-targeted analysis of extra-virgin olive oil by using “dilute-and-inject” comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a preliminary concept

The objective of the present investigation is to introduce the preliminary concept of performing the untargeted, pre-targeted and post-targeted analysis of extra-virgin olive oil by using “dilute-and-inject” cryogenic modulation comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was carried out by using <1 mL of n-hexane, for the single scope of sample dilution. A column set of high thermal stability was used to enable the elution of high boiling point compounds (e.g., triacylglycerols). Untargeted analysis involved the “general” volatile fraction, sterols and wax esters. Pre-targeted determinations focused on phthalate acid esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, while post-targeted analysis was directed to pesticides. Due to a limited time-availability of the instrumentation (5 days) only the preliminary, albeit promising results, are provided. Advantages and critical aspects are discussed.