This study reports a novel comprehensive chemical characterization of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) petals cultivated in northern Italy. Essential oil was distilled by using a Milestone ‘DRY-DIST’ system under optimized microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) conditions (45 min, 620 W), yielding 0.02% of oil. Volatiles were characterized by gas chromatography based techniques, revealing a profile dominated by non-terpenoid hydrocarbons (79.6%) such as nonadecane (41.7%), and terpene oxygenated derivatives (18.9%) with geranial (7.3%), citronellol (3.6%) and (2E,6E)-farnesol (3.2%) as major constituents. Polyphenols in fresh and distilled petals (by-products) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry. Quercetin-3-O-hexoside isomers, rutin and kaempferol derivatives were quantified up to 9594.8 mg Kg−1 in aqueous residues. The study demonstrates that MAHD preserves and co-extracts valuable volatiles and phenols, contributing to sustainable approach for Rosa damascena valorisation. This represents the first dual chromatographic investigation of MAHD-extracted Italian samples, with potential application in cosmetic, nutraceutical and fragrance industries.
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and integrated GC-MS/FID and HPLC-PDA/MS profiling of Rosa damascena Mill. petals: a novel insight into volatile and polyphenolic composition of Italian cultivars
Micalizzi G.;Irrera E.;De Salvo M.;Ahmed S.;Arena K.;Salerno T.;Bonaccorsi I.;Cacciola F.
;Mondello L.
2026-01-01
Abstract
This study reports a novel comprehensive chemical characterization of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) petals cultivated in northern Italy. Essential oil was distilled by using a Milestone ‘DRY-DIST’ system under optimized microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) conditions (45 min, 620 W), yielding 0.02% of oil. Volatiles were characterized by gas chromatography based techniques, revealing a profile dominated by non-terpenoid hydrocarbons (79.6%) such as nonadecane (41.7%), and terpene oxygenated derivatives (18.9%) with geranial (7.3%), citronellol (3.6%) and (2E,6E)-farnesol (3.2%) as major constituents. Polyphenols in fresh and distilled petals (by-products) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector and mass spectrometry. Quercetin-3-O-hexoside isomers, rutin and kaempferol derivatives were quantified up to 9594.8 mg Kg−1 in aqueous residues. The study demonstrates that MAHD preserves and co-extracts valuable volatiles and phenols, contributing to sustainable approach for Rosa damascena valorisation. This represents the first dual chromatographic investigation of MAHD-extracted Italian samples, with potential application in cosmetic, nutraceutical and fragrance industries.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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